These computer programs also have names ranging from Photoshop to a plethora of filter effects available for phones and tablets. What is normally called a filter effect is a computer program manipulating an input image using special algorithms to produce another image carrying a different aspect. The list of filter effects in Photography goes on and on although not all of them have the name “Filter Effect”. By switching the lens of a camera to a 200mm or by cranking up the available zoom a number of times, the narrower field of view (the filter) simulates a magnification of the image size (the effect). If the photographer uses a Lomo camera, this person actually uses a specially built camera (the filter) to produce distorted images (the effect)
The same happens with the White Balance setting on the camera: before the image is written to the memory card, it suffers a transformation (the filter) called “White Balance Correction” to produce an image whose final aspect carries the white balance being corrected (the effect) When a digital camera is set to produce a JPG image, an extra processing inside the camera called “JPG Transformation” is activated (a filter) to take the internal image format, manipulate it and produce the JPG image (the effect)
The Photography area is packed with filters. While talking about film, “Kodak Ektachrome Filter”, infrared films, “Ilford Blak and White”, etc, are (or were) films to provide specific kind of effects when capturing the light. Here, the more sensitive layer of the film (the filter) has chemicals reacting with more intensity to the same amount of light, thus providing the effect of simulating more light in the ambient. Similarly, film photographers would have used an ASA 400 film which was more sensitive than a regular ASA 100.
In this case, the filter is the booster (amplifier) and the effect is an image resembling having more light in the ambient. When a photographer sets the camera to ISO 800, what is happening is that the camera is being instructed to boost the signals arriving from the digital sensor by a factor that corresponds to 8 times the otherwise arriving signals if the camera would have been set to ISO 100.
If these glasses are corrective, than the filter “Corrective Lenses” would distort the incoming light in such a way that the effect would be a clearer image arriving to the eyes. Technically speaking, the filter called “sunglasses” is designed to produce the effect of blocking the light. When somebody puts on sunglasses, this person is placing a set of dark pieces of glass to protect the eyes from excessive radiation and light from the Sun.
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